8-K
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
_______________________________________ 
FORM 8-K
_______________________________________  
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): October 28, 2015
 _______________________________________ 
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 _______________________________________ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Delaware
 
1-13881
 
52-2055918
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
 
(Commission
File Number)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
 
10400 Fernwood Road, Bethesda, Maryland
 
20817
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (301) 380-3000
 _______________________________________ 
 
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
 





Item 2.02.
Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

Financial Results for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2015
Marriott International, Inc. (Marriott) today issued a press release reporting financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.
A copy of Marriott’s press release is attached as Exhibit 99 and incorporated by reference.

 
Item 9.01.
Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits. The following exhibits are furnished with this report:
Exhibit 99
Press release issued on October 28, 2015, reporting financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.

2



SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
Date: October 28, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
By: 
 
/s/ Bao Giang Val Bauduin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bao Giang Val Bauduin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

3



EXHIBIT INDEX
 
 
 
 
Exhibit No.
  
Description
 
 
99
  
Press release issued on October 28, 2015, reporting financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2015.


4
Exhibit
Exhibit 99


 
NEWS
CONTACT: Tom Marder
(301) 380-2553
thomas.marder@marriott.com

MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL REPORTS THIRD QUARTER 2015 RESULTS

HIGHLIGHTS

Third quarter diluted EPS totaled $0.78, a 20 percent increase over prior year results;

On a constant dollar basis, worldwide comparable systemwide RevPAR rose 4.5 percent in the third quarter;

North American comparable systemwide constant dollar RevPAR rose 4.2 percent in the third quarter;

Marriott repurchased 9.8 million shares of the company’s common stock for $702 million during the third quarter. Year-to-date through October 28, the company repurchased 25.1 million shares for $1.9 billion;

The company added over 10,000 rooms during the third quarter, including roughly 3,800 rooms in markets outside the U.S. and nearly 2,000 rooms converted from competitor brands;

At the end of the third quarter, the company’s worldwide development pipeline increased to more than 260,000 rooms, including roughly 20,000 rooms approved, but not yet subject to signed contracts;

The company’s adjusted operating income margin increased to 49 percent compared to 43 percent in the year-ago quarter;

Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) totaled $431 million in the quarter, a 10 percent increase over third quarter 2014 adjusted EBITDA.

BETHESDA, MD - October 28, 2015 - Marriott International, Inc. (NASDAQ: MAR) today reported third quarter 2015 results.

Third quarter 2015 net income totaled $210 million, a 9 percent increase over 2014 third quarter net income. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) in the third quarter totaled $0.78, a 20 percent

1


increase from diluted EPS in the year-ago quarter. On July 29, 2015, the company forecasted third quarter diluted EPS of $0.72 to $0.76.

Arne M. Sorenson, president and chief executive officer of Marriott International, said, “Our company posted solid performance in the third quarter. North American systemwide RevPAR rose over 4 percent despite the impact of unfavorable holiday shifts on our group business compared to the year-ago quarter. Our hotels are full with occupancy at nearly 78 percent allowing us to continue to raise rates and reduce lower-rated business to drive RevPAR.

“Our global development pipeline continues to increase, reaching more than 260,000 rooms at the end of the quarter as owner and franchisees continue to choose our brands. Combined, our pipeline and open rooms exceed one million rooms worldwide. Recently unveiled in the U.S., Moxy and AC Hotels have a combined five hotels open and 82 hotels signed or approved domestically. Our newest brand, Delta Hotels, expects to open its first U.S. property later this year, a conversion from a competitor’s brand.

“Our asset-light business model continues to deliver significant profit growth with modest capital requirements, yielding outstanding return to shareholders. For the full year 2015, we expect to return more than $2.25 billion to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases, a record which would bring our total return to shareholders to nearly $8 billion over the last 5 years. Over the last 12 months, our return on invested capital has totaled 47 percent.

“For 2016, we expect systemwide constant dollar RevPAR will increase 4 to 6 percent in North America, outside North America and worldwide. Our group bookings for our North American full-service hotels for 2016 are up more than 7 percent with about 75 percent of expected group business volume booked thus far.

“Given our strong development pipeline, we anticipate our number of rooms will increase 7 to 8 percent, gross, in 2015, including the 9,600 rooms from the Delta acquisition, accelerating to 8 percent, gross, in 2016. Nearly 40 percent of our more than 260,000 room pipeline is already under construction.”


2


For the 2015 third quarter, RevPAR for worldwide comparable systemwide properties increased 4.5 percent (a 2.2 percent increase using actual dollars).

In North America, comparable systemwide RevPAR increased 4.2 percent (a 3.7 percent increase using actual dollars) in the third quarter of 2015, including a 4.2 percent increase (a 3.6 percent increase in actual dollars) in average daily rate. RevPAR for comparable systemwide North American full-service hotels (including Marriott Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels and Autograph Collection Hotels) increased 3.7 percent (a 3.0 percent increase in actual dollars) with a 3.2 percent increase (a 2.5 percent increase in actual dollars) in average daily rate. RevPAR for comparable systemwide North American limited-service hotels (including Courtyard, Residence Inn, SpringHill Suites, TownePlace Suites and Fairfield Inn & Suites) increased 4.6 percent (a 4.1 percent increase in actual dollars) in the third quarter with a 4.8 percent increase (a 4.3 percent increase in actual dollars) in average daily rate.

International comparable systemwide RevPAR rose 6.2 percent (a 4.0 percent decline using actual dollars) in the third quarter. International RevPAR growth was helped during the quarter by the earlier start of Ramadan and very strong demand in Europe.

Marriott added 68 new properties (10,253 rooms) to its worldwide lodging portfolio in the 2015 third quarter, including Mandapa, A Ritz-Carlton Reserve in Indonesia and The Hotel Lucerne, Autograph Collection in Switzerland. Twenty-one properties (2,596 rooms) exited the system during the quarter. At quarter-end, the company’s lodging system encompassed 4,364 properties and timeshare resorts for a total of 750,000 rooms.

The company’s worldwide development pipeline totaled 1,591 properties with more than 260,000 rooms at quarter-end, including nearly 600 properties with roughly 95,000 rooms under construction and over 100 properties with approximately 20,000 rooms approved for development, but not yet subject to signed contracts.

MARRIOTT REVENUES totaled approximately $3.6 billion in the 2015 third quarter compared to revenues of nearly $3.5 billion for the third quarter of 2014. Base management and franchise fees totaled $397 million compared to $381 million in the year-ago quarter, an increase of 4 percent. The year-over-year increase largely reflects higher RevPAR and new unit growth partially offset by $4 million of unfavorable foreign exchange. In addition, the company

3


recognized $2 million of deferred base management fees related to the performance of a limited-service portfolio and $8 million of relicensing fees. In the year-ago quarter, the company recognized $6 million of deferred base management fees related to the performance of a limited-service portfolio, $9 million of deferred base management fees related to an owner’s sale of a Courtyard portfolio and $9 million of relicensing fees.

Third quarter worldwide incentive management fees totaled $68 million, a 1 percent increase compared to the year-ago quarter primarily due to higher managed hotel RevPAR and house profit margins largely offset by $4 million of unfavorable foreign exchange. In the 2015 third quarter, 64 percent of worldwide company-managed hotels earned incentive management fees compared to 56 percent in the year-ago quarter.

On July 29, the company estimated total fee revenue for the third quarter would total $470 million to $480 million. Actual total fee revenue of $465 million in the quarter was modestly lower than estimated reflecting lower than expected RevPAR growth, particularly in North America and the Middle East and Africa region, renovations, and delays in new unit openings.

Worldwide comparable company-operated house profit margins increased 50 basis points in the third quarter with higher room rates, improved productivity, and lower food and utility costs. House profit margins for comparable company-operated properties outside North America increased 60 basis points and North American comparable company-operated house profit margins increased 40 basis points from the year-ago quarter.

OWNED, LEASED, AND OTHER REVENUE, NET OF DIRECT EXPENSES, totaled $54 million, compared to $55 million in the year-ago quarter. The year-over-year decrease largely reflects lower termination fees and lower results from one North American full-service hotel under renovation largely offset by higher credit card branding fees and lower pre-opening costs.

DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION, and OTHER expenses totaled $31 million in the 2015 third quarter compared to $33 million in the year-ago quarter.

GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, and OTHER expenses for the 2015 third quarter totaled $149 million compared to $172 million in the year-ago quarter. Expenses declined in the quarter

4


largely due to lower compensation expense, lower legal costs and net favorable foreign exchange largely due to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar in the year-ago quarter.

On July 29, the company estimated general, administrative, and other expenses for the third quarter would total approximately $165 million. Actual expenses in the quarter were lower than expected largely due to general admin savings and lower transition expenses relating to the Delta acquisition, as well as timing.

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET increased $17 million in the third quarter. Interest expense for the third quarter increased $14 million largely due to lower capitalized interest expense and higher interest expense associated with a new debt issuance. Interest income declined $3 million largely due to a year-over-year decrease in loans receivable.

EQUITY IN EARNINGS decreased $4 million in the third quarter to $8 million. Results decreased largely due to deferred tax true-ups due to tax law changes recorded in the year-ago quarter partially offset by an adjustment of liabilities in an International joint venture in the third quarter of 2015.

On July 29, the company estimated equity in earnings for the third quarter would total approximately $0 million. Actual results in the quarter were above the estimate largely due to the adjustment mentioned above.

Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes in the 2014 third quarter included a $6 million non-recurring tax charge.

Adjusted Earnings before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
For the third quarter, adjusted EBITDA totaled $431 million, a 10 percent increase over third quarter 2014 adjusted EBITDA of $393 million. See page A-8 for the adjusted EBITDA calculation.


5


BALANCE SHEET
At quarter-end, total debt was $4,304 million and cash balances totaled $95 million, compared to $3,781 million in debt and $104 million of cash at year-end 2014.

COMMON STOCK
Weighted average fully diluted shares outstanding used to calculate diluted EPS totaled 267.3 million in the 2015 third quarter, compared to 295.4 million in the year-ago quarter.

The company repurchased 9.8 million shares of common stock in the third quarter at a cost of $702 million. To date in 2015, the company has repurchased 25.1 million shares for $1.9 billion.

OUTLOOK
For the 2015 fourth quarter, the company expects worldwide comparable systemwide RevPAR to increase 4 to 6 percent on a constant dollar basis. Outside North America, the company expects comparable systemwide constant dollar RevPAR to increase 3 to 5 percent. Compared to the fourth quarter RevPAR guidance provided on July 29, today’s fourth quarter outlook for our international regions assumes more moderate RevPAR growth in the Asia Pacific and Middle East and Africa regions. For North America, the company expects comparable systemwide RevPAR will increase 5 to 7 percent on a constant dollar basis. Based on early fourth quarter transient RevPAR trends, North American RevPAR is likely to increase at the low end of the guided range.

The company anticipates gross room additions of approximately 7 to 8 percent, or 6 to 7 percent, net, worldwide for the full year 2015, including the 9,600 rooms from the acquisition of the Delta brand.

The company assumes full year 2015 fee revenue could total $1,876 million to $1,886 million, growth of 9 to 10 percent over 2014 fee revenue of $1,719 million.

The company anticipates worldwide incentive management fees alone will increase at a mid to high single-digit rate for full year 2015.

For 2015, the company anticipates general, administrative and other expenses will total approximately $621 million, a 6 percent decline compared to 2014 expenses of $659 million.

6



Given these assumptions, 2015 full year diluted EPS could total $3.12 to $3.16, a 23 to 24 percent increase year-over-year.

 
Fourth Quarter 2015
Full Year 2015
Total fee revenue
$460 million to $470 million
$1,876 million to $1,886 million
Owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses
$70 million to $75 million
$247 million to $252 million
Depreciation, amortization, and other expenses
Approx. $35 million
Approx. $142 million
General, administrative, and other expenses
Approx. $175 million
Approx. $621 million
Operating income
$320 million to $335 million
$1,360 million to $1,375 million
Gains and other income, net
Approx. $0 million
Approx. $20 million
Net interest expense1
Approx. $35 million
Approx. $137 million
Equity in earnings (losses)
Approx. $0 million
Approx. $13 million
Earnings per share
$0.74 to $0.78
$3.12 to $3.16
Tax rate
 
32.3 percent
1 Net of interest income

The company expects investment spending in 2015 will total approximately $700 million to $800 million, including approximately $140 million for maintenance capital and approximately $135 million for the Delta transaction. Investment spending also includes other capital expenditures (including property acquisitions), new mezzanine financing and mortgage notes, contract acquisition costs, and equity and other investments. Assuming this level of investment spending, more than $2.25 billion could be returned to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.

Based upon the assumptions above, the company expects full year 2015 adjusted EBITDA will total $1,729 million to $1,749 million, a 13 to 15 percent increase over the 2014 full year adjusted EBITDA of $1,524 million. See page A-9 for the adjusted EBITDA calculation.

Marriott International, Inc. (NASDAQ: MAR) will conduct its quarterly earnings review for the investment community and news media on Thursday, October 29, 2015 at 10 a.m. Eastern Time (ET). The conference call will be webcast simultaneously via Marriott’s investor relations website at http://www.marriott.com/investor, click the “Recent and Upcoming Events” tab and click on the quarterly conference call link. A replay will be available at that same website until October 29, 2016.


7


The telephone dial-in number for the conference call is 706-679-3455 and the conference ID is 39462855. A telephone replay of the conference call will be available from 1 p.m. ET, Thursday, October 29, 2015 until 8 p.m. ET, Thursday, November 5, 2015. To access the replay, call 404-537-3406. The conference ID for the recording is 39462855.
Note on forward-looking statements: This press release and accompanying schedules contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal securities laws, including RevPAR, profit margin and earnings trends, estimates and assumptions; the number of lodging properties we expect to add to or remove from our system in the future; our expectations about investment spending; and similar statements concerning anticipated future events and expectations that are not historical facts. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those we identify below and other risk factors that we identify in our most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Risks that could affect forward-looking statements in this press release include changes in market conditions; the pace of the economy; supply and demand changes for hotel rooms; competitive conditions in the lodging industry; relationships with clients and property owners; and the availability of capital to finance hotel growth and refurbishment. Any of these factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations we express or imply in this press release. We make these forward-looking statements as of October 28, 2015. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Marriott International, Inc. (NASDAQ: MAR) is a global leading lodging company based in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, with more than 4,300 properties in 85 countries and territories.  Marriott International reported revenues of nearly $14 billion in fiscal year 2014. The company operates and franchises hotels and licenses vacation ownership resorts under 19 brands, including: The Ritz-Carlton®, BVlgari®, EDITION®, JW Marriott®, Autograph Collection® Hotels, Renaissance® Hotels, Marriott Hotels®, Delta Hotels and Resorts®, Marriott Executive Apartments®, Marriott Vacation Club®, Gaylord Hotels®, AC Hotels by Marriott®, Courtyard®, Residence Inn®, SpringHill Suites®, Fairfield Inn & Suites®, TownePlace Suites®, Protea Hotels® and Moxy Hotels®. Marriott has been consistently recognized as a top employer and for its superior business ethics. The company also manages the award-winning guest loyalty program, Marriott Rewards® and The Ritz-Carlton Rewards® program, which together surpass 53 million members. For more information or reservations, please visit our website at www.marriott.com, and for the latest company news, visit www.marriottnewscenter.com.
IRPR#1

Tables follow


8


MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
PRESS RELEASE SCHEDULES
QUARTER 3, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
Total Lodging Products
Key Lodging Statistics
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA Full Year Forecast
Adjusted Operating Income Margin
Return on Invested Capital
Non-GAAP Financial Measures






MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
THIRD QUARTER 2015 AND 2014
(in millions except per share amounts, unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Three Months Ended
 
Percent
 
September 30, 2015
 
September 30, 2014
 
Better/(Worse)
REVENUES
 
 
 
 
 
Base management fees
$
170

 
$
178

 
(4
)
Franchise fees
227

 
203

 
12

Incentive management fees
68

 
67

 
1

Owned, leased, and other revenue 1
229

 
244

 
(6
)
Cost reimbursements 2
2,884

 
2,768

 
4

   Total Revenues
3,578

 
3,460

 
3

OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
 
 
 
 

Owned, leased, and other - direct 3
175

 
189

 
7

Reimbursed costs
2,884

 
2,768

 
(4
)
Depreciation, amortization, and other 4
31

 
33

 
6

General, administrative, and other 5
149

 
172

 
13

   Total Expenses
3,239

 
3,162

 
(2
)
OPERATING INCOME
339

 
298

 
14

Gains and other income, net 6

 
1

 
(100
)
Interest expense
(43
)
 
(29
)
 
(48
)
Interest income
5

 
8

 
(38
)
Equity in earnings 7
8

 
12

 
(33
)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
309

 
290

 
7

Provision for income taxes
(99
)
 
(98
)
 
(1
)
NET INCOME
$
210

 
$
192

 
9

EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
 
 
 

   Earnings per share - basic
$
0.80

 
$
0.66

 
21

   Earnings per share - diluted
$
0.78

 
$
0.65

 
20

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Shares
262.2

 
288.9

 

Diluted Shares
267.3

 
295.4

 


1
Owned, leased, and other revenue includes revenue from the properties we own or lease, termination fees, branding fees, and other revenue.
2
Cost reimbursements include reimbursements from properties for Marriott-funded operating expenses.
3
Owned, leased, and other - direct expenses include operating expenses related to our owned or leased hotels, including lease payments and pre-opening expenses.
4
Depreciation, amortization, and other expenses include depreciation for fixed assets, amortization of capitalized costs incurred to acquire management, franchise, and license agreements, and any related impairments, accelerations, or write-offs.
5
General, administrative, and other expenses include our corporate and business segments overhead costs and general expenses.
6
Gains and other income, net includes gains and losses on: the sale of real estate, the sale or other-than-temporary impairment of joint ventures and investments, and results from cost method investments.
7
Equity in earnings include our equity in earnings or losses of unconsolidated equity method investments.







A-1


MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
THIRD QUARTER YEAR-TO-DATE 2015 AND 2014
(in millions except per share amounts, unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
Percent
 
September 30, 2015
 
September 30, 2014
 
Better/(Worse)
REVENUES
 
 
 
 
 
Base management fees
$
526

 
$
509

 
3

Franchise fees
652

 
560

 
16

Incentive management fees
238

 
220

 
8

Owned, leased, and other revenue 1
729

 
747

 
(2
)
Cost reimbursements 2
8,635

 
8,201

 
5

   Total Revenues
10,780

 
10,237

 
5

OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES
 
 
 
 

Owned, leased, and other - direct 3
552

 
573

 
4

Reimbursed costs
8,635

 
8,201

 
(5
)
Depreciation, amortization, and other 4
107

 
116

 
8

General, administrative, and other 5
446

 
479

 
7

   Total Expenses
9,740

 
9,369

 
(4
)
OPERATING INCOME
1,040

 
868

 
20

Gains and other income, net 6
20

 
4

 
400

Interest expense
(121
)
 
(89
)
 
(36
)
Interest income
19

 
17

 
12

Equity in earnings 7
13

 
6

 
117

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES
971

 
806

 
20

Provision for income taxes
(314
)
 
(250
)
 
(26
)
NET INCOME
$
657

 
$
556

 
18

EARNINGS PER SHARE
 
 
 
 

   Earnings per share - basic
$
2.43

 
$
1.90

 
28

   Earnings per share - diluted
$
2.38

 
$
1.86

 
28

 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Shares
270.7

 
292.5

 

Diluted Shares
276.1

 
299.4

 


1
Owned, leased, and other revenue includes revenue from the properties we own or lease, termination fees, branding fees, and other revenue.
2
Cost reimbursements include reimbursements from properties for Marriott-funded operating expenses.
3
Owned, leased, and other - direct expenses include operating expenses related to our owned or leased hotels, including lease payments and pre-opening expenses.
4
Depreciation, amortization, and other expenses include depreciation for fixed assets, amortization of capitalized costs incurred to acquire management, franchise, and license agreements, and any related impairments, accelerations, or write-offs.
5
General, administrative, and other expenses include our corporate and business segments overhead costs and general expenses.
6
Gains and other income, net includes gains and losses on the sale of real estate, the sale or other-than-temporary impairment of joint ventures and investments, and results from cost method investments.
7
Equity in earnings include our equity in earnings or losses of unconsolidated equity method investments.


A-2




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
TOTAL LODGING PRODUCTS
 
 
Number of Properties
 
Number of Rooms
Brand
 
September 30,
2015
September 30,
2014
vs. September 30, 2014
 
September 30,
2015
September 30,
2014
vs. September 30, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North American - Full Service
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marriott Hotels
 
366

363

3

 
148,235

146,151

2,084

Renaissance Hotels
 
79

81

(2
)
 
26,748

28,747

(1,999
)
Autograph Collection Hotels
 
54

36

18

 
12,842

9,231

3,611

Gaylord Hotels
 
5

5


 
8,098

8,098


Delta Hotels and Resorts
 
37


37

 
9,590


9,590

The Ritz-Carlton Hotels
 
40

39

1

 
11,839

11,567

272

The Ritz-Carlton Residences
 
32

32


 
3,812

3,812


EDITION Hotels
 
2


2

 
568


568

EDITION Residences
 
1


1

 
25


25

North American - Limited Service
 
 
 


 
 
 


Courtyard
 
907

880

27

 
127,952

124,545

3,407

Residence Inn
 
682

661

21

 
83,618

80,505

3,113

TownePlace Suites
 
264

236

28

 
26,508

23,648

2,860

Fairfield Inn & Suites
 
749

721

28

 
68,930

66,020

2,910

SpringHill Suites
 
333

313

20

 
39,408

36,887

2,521

AC Hotels by Marriott1
 
5


5

 
911


911

International
 
 
 


 
 
 


Marriott Hotels
 
232

208

24

 
70,743

63,072

7,671

Marriott Executive Apartments
 
28

27

1

 
4,181

4,285

(104
)
Renaissance Hotels
 
79

78

1

 
24,557

24,365

192

Autograph Collection Hotels1
 
39

26

13

 
9,555

3,288

6,267

Protea Hotels
 
102

112

(10
)
 
9,612

10,107

(495
)
The Ritz-Carlton Hotels
 
50

46

4

 
14,311

13,510

801

The Ritz-Carlton Serviced Apartments
 
4

4


 
579

579


The Ritz-Carlton Residences
 
8

8


 
416

416


Bulgari Hotels & Resorts
 
3

3


 
202

202


Bulgari Residences
 
1


1

 
5


5

EDITION Hotels
 
2

2


 
251

251


Courtyard
 
113

101

12

 
22,669

20,280

2,389

Residence Inn
 
7

4

3

 
717

421

296

Fairfield Inn & Suites
 
4

3

1

 
622

482

140

AC Hotels by Marriott1
 
77

75

2

 
9,448

8,499

949

Moxy Hotels
 
1

1


 
162

162


 
 
 
 


 
 
 


Timeshare2
 
58

62

(4
)
 
12,876

13,124

(248
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Lodging
 
4,364

4,127

237

 
749,990

702,254

47,736

1
Results for all AC Hotels by Marriott properties and five Autograph Collection properties are presented in the “Equity in earnings” caption of our Consolidated Statements of Income.
2
Timeshare unit and room counts are as of September 11, 2015 and September 12, 2014, the end of Marriott Vacation Worldwide’s third quarter for 2015 and 2014, respectively.

A-3




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
KEY LODGING STATISTICS
Constant $

Comparable Company-Operated International Properties1
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Region
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Caribbean & Latin America
 
$
140.95

2.4
%
 
68.5
%
-1.8
 %
pts.
 
$
205.63

5.2
 %
Europe
 
$
147.82

8.8
%
 
82.9
%
2.5
 %
pts.
 
$
178.39

5.5
 %
Middle East & Africa
 
$
89.54

2.7
%
 
55.6
%
2.8
 %
pts.
 
$
161.10

-2.5
 %
Asia Pacific
 
$
107.89

3.7
%
 
74.4
%
2.7
 %
pts.
 
$
144.95

0.0
 %
Total International2
 
$
123.87

5.5
%
 
74.2
%
2.0
 %
pts.
 
$
166.91

2.6
 %
Worldwide3
 
$
131.05

4.1
%
 
76.1
%
0.6
 %
pts.
 
$
172.26

3.4
 %

Comparable Systemwide International Properties1
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Region
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Caribbean & Latin America
 
$
122.02

1.5
%
 
68.5
%
-0.2
 %
pts.
 
$
178.19

1.9
 %
Europe
 
$
139.38

9.3
%
 
81.0
%
2.8
 %
pts.
 
$
171.99

5.5
 %
Middle East & Africa
 
$
89.00

3.9
%
 
55.9
%
3.3
 %
pts.
 
$
159.26

-2.1
 %
Asia Pacific
 
$
112.84

4.9
%
 
75.0
%
2.8
 %
pts.
 
$
150.42

1.0
 %
Total International2
 
$
122.27

6.2
%
 
74.3
%
2.4
 %
pts.
 
$
164.48

2.8
 %
Worldwide3
 
$
116.37

4.5
%
 
77.2
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
150.72

4.0
 %

1
International includes properties located outside the United States and Canada, except for Worldwide which includes the United States and Canada.
2
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Bulgari, EDITION, Residence Inn, Courtyard, and Fairfield Inn & Suites properties.
3
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Bulgari, EDITION, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.

















A-4


MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
KEY LODGING STATISTICS
Constant $

Comparable Company-Operated International Properties1
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Region
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Caribbean & Latin America
 
$
181.63

5.7
%
 
73.1
%
0.3
%
pts.
 
$
248.64

5.2
 %
Europe
 
$
133.67

7.6
%
 
76.9
%
2.7
%
pts.
 
$
173.71

3.9
 %
Middle East & Africa
 
$
109.35

4.3
%
 
60.9
%
4.1
%
pts.
 
$
179.64

-2.7
 %
Asia Pacific
 
$
112.36

5.1
%
 
73.4
%
3.9
%
pts.
 
$
153.16

-0.4
 %
Total International2
 
$
128.72

6.0
%
 
73.0
%
3.0
%
pts.
 
$
176.29

1.7
 %
Worldwide3
 
$
133.82

5.4
%
 
75.0
%
1.2
%
pts.
 
$
178.53

3.7
 %

Comparable Systemwide International Properties1
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Region
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Caribbean & Latin America
 
$
151.24

4.3
%
 
71.0
%
0.6
%
pts.
 
$
213.15

3.4
 %
Europe
 
$
125.06

6.8
%
 
74.6
%
2.4
%
pts.
 
$
167.72

3.5
 %
Middle East & Africa
 
$
108.40

4.8
%
 
61.3
%
4.0
%
pts.
 
$
176.82

-2.0
 %
Asia Pacific
 
$
114.23

5.8
%
 
73.8
%
3.7
%
pts.
 
$
154.77

0.4
 %
Total International2
 
$
123.98

5.8
%
 
72.4
%
2.7
%
pts.
 
$
171.34

1.9
 %
Worldwide3
 
$
114.35

5.6
%
 
74.9
%
0.9
%
pts.
 
$
152.61

4.3
 %

1
International includes properties located outside the United States and Canada, except for Worldwide which includes the United States and Canada.
2
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Bulgari, EDITION, Residence Inn, Courtyard, and Fairfield Inn & Suites properties.
3
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Bulgari, EDITION, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.




A-5


MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
KEY LODGING STATISTICS
Constant $
Comparable Company-Operated North American Properties
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Brand
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Marriott Hotels
 
$
148.29

3.5
%
 
77.9
%
0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
190.48

3.1
%
Renaissance Hotels
 
$
129.02

2.0
%
 
75.3
%
-0.1
 %
pts.
 
$
171.23

2.1
%
The Ritz-Carlton
 
$
244.58

3.3
%
 
73.2
%
-0.2
 %
pts.
 
$
334.03

3.6
%
Composite North American - Full Service1
 
$
153.97

2.9
%
 
76.5
%
0.0
 %
pts.
 
$
201.18

2.9
%
Courtyard
 
$
106.31

4.3
%
 
75.9
%
-0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
140.10

4.9
%
SpringHill Suites
 
$
96.68

7.0
%
 
79.1
%
1.9
 %
pts.
 
$
122.15

4.4
%
Residence Inn
 
$
118.63

5.2
%
 
81.8
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
145.06

5.5
%
TownePlace Suites
 
$
84.24

5.6
%
 
78.0
%
-2.1
 %
pts.
 
$
107.96

8.4
%
Composite North American - Limited Service2
 
$
107.89

4.8
%
 
77.6
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
138.96

5.2
%
Composite - All3
 
$
134.60

3.6
%
 
77.0
%
-0.1
 %
pts.
 
$
174.81

3.7
%

Comparable Systemwide North American Properties
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Brand
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Marriott Hotels
 
$
130.99

4.4
%
 
76.0
%
0.6
 %
pts.
 
$
172.38

3.5
%
Renaissance Hotels
 
$
120.20

2.9
%
 
75.7
%
0.2
 %
pts.
 
$
158.78

2.7
%
Autograph Collection Hotels
 
$
169.86

1.6
%
 
77.5
%
0.1
 %
pts.
 
$
219.12

1.5
%
The Ritz-Carlton
 
$
244.58

3.3
%
 
73.2
%
-0.2
 %
pts.
 
$
334.03

3.6
%
Composite North American - Full Service4
 
$
137.39

3.7
%
 
75.7
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
181.53

3.2
%
Courtyard
 
$
107.37

4.9
%
 
77.3
%
-0.1
 %
pts.
 
$
138.84

5.0
%
Fairfield Inn & Suites
 
$
85.17

3.8
%
 
75.9
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
112.16

4.3
%
SpringHill Suites
 
$
95.81

4.8
%
 
78.9
%
0.0
 %
pts.
 
$
121.48

4.8
%
Residence Inn
 
$
120.15

4.7
%
 
83.8
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
143.31

5.0
%
TownePlace Suites
 
$
83.08

4.0
%
 
79.8
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
104.11

4.4
%
Composite North American - Limited Service2
 
$
103.02

4.6
%
 
78.9
%
-0.2
 %
pts.
 
$
130.49

4.8
%
Composite - All5
 
$
115.18

4.2
%
 
77.8
%
0.0
 %
pts.
 
$
148.06

4.2
%

1
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, and The Ritz-Carlton properties.
2
Includes Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.
3
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.
4
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, and The Ritz-Carlton properties.
5
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.




A-6


MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
KEY LODGING STATISTICS
Constant $
Comparable Company-Operated North American Properties
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Brand
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Marriott Hotels
 
$
149.84

4.7
%
 
76.8
%
0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
195.11

4.3
%
Renaissance Hotels
 
$
139.91

5.6
%
 
76.9
%
0.5
 %
pts.
 
$
181.86

4.9
%
The Ritz-Carlton
 
$
261.75

3.1
%
 
73.1
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
358.00

3.5
%
Composite North American - Full Service1
 
$
158.95

4.3
%
 
76.1
%
0.2
 %
pts.
 
$
208.96

4.0
%
Courtyard
 
$
103.60

6.9
%
 
74.0
%
0.8
 %
pts.
 
$
140.02

5.8
%
SpringHill Suites
 
$
96.84

7.6
%
 
77.0
%
1.0
 %
pts.
 
$
125.83

6.1
%
Residence Inn
 
$
115.11

6.9
%
 
79.6
%
0.1
 %
pts.
 
$
144.56

6.8
%
TownePlace Suites
 
$
78.04

8.7
%
 
75.1
%
0.0
 %
pts.
 
$
103.96

8.6
%
Composite North American - Limited Service2
 
$
105.17

7.0
%
 
75.7
%
0.6
 %
pts.
 
$
138.92

6.2
%
Composite - All3
 
$
136.34

5.2
%
 
75.9
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
179.60

4.6
%

Comparable Systemwide North American Properties
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014
 
 
REVPAR
 
Occupancy
 
Average Daily Rate
Brand
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
 
2015
vs. 2014
Marriott Hotels
 
$
130.68

5.2
%
 
74.2
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
176.04

4.6
%
Renaissance Hotels
 
$
123.92

5.5
%
 
75.5
%
0.7
 %
pts.
 
$
164.04

4.5
%
Autograph Collection Hotels
 
$
177.05

3.1
%
 
77.4
%
0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
228.74

2.7
%
The Ritz-Carlton
 
$
261.75

3.1
%
 
73.1
%
-0.3
 %
pts.
 
$
358.00

3.5
%
Composite North American - Full Service4
 
$
139.40

4.7
%
 
74.4
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
187.27

4.2
%
Courtyard
 
$
102.73

7.0
%
 
74.7
%
1.1
 %
pts.
 
$
137.48

5.5
%
Fairfield Inn & Suites
 
$
78.76

5.3
%
 
72.2
%
0.5
 %
pts.
 
$
109.10

4.5
%
SpringHill Suites
 
$
91.52

5.7
%
 
76.3
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
119.88

5.1
%
Residence Inn
 
$
113.52

5.9
%
 
80.9
%
0.1
 %
pts.
 
$
140.32

5.7
%
TownePlace Suites
 
$
78.74

5.7
%
 
76.7
%
0.4
 %
pts.
 
$
102.67

5.1
%
Composite North American - Limited Service2
 
$
97.62

6.2
%
 
76.0
%
0.6
 %
pts.
 
$
128.42

5.3
%
Composite - All5
 
$
112.40

5.5
%
 
75.5
%
0.5
 %
pts.
 
$
148.96

4.8
%

1
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, and The Ritz-Carlton properties.
2
Includes Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.
3
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.
4
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, and The Ritz-Carlton properties.
5
Includes Marriott Hotels, Renaissance Hotels, Gaylord Hotels, Autograph Collection Hotels, The Ritz-Carlton, Residence Inn, Courtyard, Fairfield Inn & Suites, TownePlace Suites, and SpringHill Suites properties.



A-7




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
ADJUSTED EBITDA
($ in millions)
 
Fiscal Year 2015
 
First
Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Total
Net income
$
207

 
$
240

 
$
210

 
$
657

Interest expense
36

 
42

 
43

 
121

Tax provision
100

 
115

 
99

 
314

Depreciation and amortization
32

 
32

 
31

 
95

Depreciation classified in Reimbursed costs
14

 
14

 
15

 
43

Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures
1

 

 
1

 
2

Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures
3

 
2

 
3

 
8

EBITDA **
393


445


402


1,240

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITION impairment charge
12

 

 

 
12

Losses on expected disposition of real estate

 
22

 

 
22

Gain on redemption of preferred equity ownership interest

 
(41
)
 

 
(41
)
Share-based compensation (including share-based compensation reimbursed by third-party owners)
24

 
31

 
29

 
84

Adjusted EBITDA **
$
429


$
457

 
$
431


$
1,317

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase over 2014 Quarterly Adjusted EBITDA **
27
%

12
%
 
10
%

16
%
 
Fiscal Year 2014
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total
Net income
$
172

 
$
192

 
$
192

 
$
197

 
$
753

Interest expense
30

 
30

 
29

 
26

 
115

Tax provision
59

 
93

 
98

 
85

 
335

Depreciation and amortization
26

 
32

 
33

 
32

 
123

Depreciation classified in Reimbursed costs
12

 
13

 
13

 
13

 
51

Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures
1

 
1

 

 
1

 
3

Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures
4

 
3

 
1

 
2

 
10

EBITDA **
304


364


366


356


1,390

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITION impairment charge
10

 
15

 

 

 
25

Share-based compensation (including share-based compensation reimbursed by third-party owners)
25

 
29

 
27

 
28

 
109

Adjusted EBITDA **
$
339


$
408


$
393


$
384


$
1,524


**
Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. Please see page A-12 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use.





A-8




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
ADJUSTED EBITDA FULL YEAR FORECAST
($ in millions)

 
Range
 
 
 
Estimated EBITDA
Fiscal Year 2015
 
As Reported
Fiscal Year 2014
Net income
$
850

 
$
861

 
$
753

Interest expense
170

 
170

 
115

Tax provision
406

 
410

 
335

Depreciation and amortization
130

 
130

 
123

Depreciation classified in Reimbursed costs
55

 
60

 
51

Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures
5

 
5

 
3

Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures
10

 
10

 
10

EBITDA **
1,626


1,646


1,390

 
 
 
 
 
 
EDITION impairment charge
12

 
12

 
25

Losses on expected disposition of real estate
22

 
22

 

Gain on redemption of preferred equity ownership interest
(41
)
 
(41
)
 

Share-based compensation (including share-based compensation reimbursed by third-party owners)
110

 
110

 
109

Adjusted EBITDA **
$
1,729


$
1,749


$
1,524

 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase over 2014 Adjusted EBITDA**
13
%
 
15
%
 
 

**
Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. See page A-12 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use.







A-9




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME MARGIN
THIRD QUARTER 2015 AND 2014
($ in millions)
 
Third Quarter 2015
 
Third Quarter 2014
 
 
 
 
Total revenues, as reported
$
3,578

 
$
3,460

Less: cost reimbursements
(2,884
)
 
(2,768
)
Total revenues, as adjusted **
$
694

 
$
692

 
 
 
 
Operating income
$
339

 
$
298

 
 
 
 
Adjusted operating income margin**
49
%
 
43
%

**
Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. Please see page A-12 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use.






A-10




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
The reconciliation of net income to earnings before interest expense and taxes is as follows:
 
 
 
Twelve Months Ended
September 30, 2015
 
 
Net income
$
854

 
 
Interest expense
147

 
 
Tax provision
399

 
 
Earnings before interest expense and taxes **
$
1,400

 
 
 
 
 
 
The reconciliation of assets to invested capital is as follows:
 
 
 
 

September 30, 2015
 
September 30, 2014
Assets
$
6,153

 
$
6,847

Less: current liabilities, net of current portion of long-term debt
(2,894
)
 
(2,731
)
Less: deferred tax assets, net 1
(685
)
 
(785
)
Invested capital **
$
2,574

 
$
3,331

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average invested capital 2 **
$
2,953

 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on invested capital **
47.4
%
 
 

1 
Deducted because the numerator of the calculation is a pre-tax number. At September 30, 2015 and 2014, “Deferred tax assets, net” is also net of “current deferred income tax liabilities” of $22 million and $19 million, respectively.
2 
Calculated as “Invested capital” for September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, divided by two.

** Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. See page A-12 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use.


A-11




MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

In our press release and schedules, and on the related conference call, we report certain financial measures that are not required by, or presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). We discuss management’s reasons for reporting these non-GAAP measures below, and the press release schedules reconcile the most directly comparable GAAP measure to each non-GAAP measure that we refer to (identified by a double asterisk on the preceding pages). Although management evaluates and presents these non-GAAP measures for the reasons described below, please be aware that these non-GAAP measures have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for revenue, operating income, income from continuing operations, net income, earnings per share or any other comparable operating measure prescribed by GAAP. In addition, we may calculate and/or present these non-GAAP financial measures differently than measures with the same or similar names that other companies report, and as a result, the non-GAAP measures we report may not be comparable to those reported by others.

Earnings Before Interest Expense and Taxes (“EBIT”), and Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”). EBIT and Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) are financial measures not required by, or presented in accordance with GAAP. EBIT, which we use as part of our return on invested capital calculation, reflects net income excluding the impact of interest expense and provision for income taxes, and EBITDA reflects EBIT excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization. Our non-GAAP measure of Adjusted EBITDA further adjusts EBITDA to exclude (1) the $41 million pre-tax preferred equity investment gain and the $22 million pre-tax expected loss on dispositions of real estate, both in the 2015 second quarter, which we recorded in the “Gains and other income, net” caption of our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (our “Income Statements”); (2) the pre-tax EDITION impairment charges of $12 million in the 2015 first quarter, $10 million in the 2014 first quarter, and $15 million in the 2014 second quarter, which we recorded in the “Depreciation, amortization, and other” caption of our Income Statements following an evaluation of our EDITION hotels and residences for recovery; and (3) share-based compensation expense for all periods presented.

We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of our operating performance because it permits period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing core operations before these items and facilitates our comparison of results before these items with results from other lodging companies. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry, and analysts, lenders, investors, and others use EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA for similar purposes. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels, and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provisions for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. Our Adjusted EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization expense which we report under “Depreciation, amortization, and other” as well as depreciation included under “Reimbursed costs” in our Income Statements, because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We also excluded share-based compensation expense in all periods presented in order to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted.

Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated under GAAP. These non-GAAP measures exclude certain cash expenses that we are obligated to make. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate it at all, limiting the usefulness of Adjusted EBITDA as a comparative measure.

Adjusted Operating Income Margin Excluding Cost Reimbursements. Cost reimbursements revenue represents reimbursements we receive for costs we incur on behalf of managed and franchised properties and relates, predominantly, to payroll costs at managed properties where we are the employer, but also includes reimbursements for other costs, such as those associated with our rewards programs. As we record cost reimbursements based on the costs we incur with no added markup, this revenue and the related expense have no impact on either our operating income or net income because cost reimbursements revenue net of reimbursed costs expense is zero. In calculating adjusted operating income margin, we consider total revenues, as adjusted to exclude cost reimbursements, to be meaningful metrics as they represent that portion of revenue and operating income margin that allows for period-over-period comparisons.

Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”). We calculate ROIC as EBIT divided by average invested capital. We consider ROIC to be a meaningful indicator of our operating performance, and we evaluate ROIC because it measures how effectively we use the money we invest in our operations. We calculate invested capital by deducting from total assets: (1) current liabilities, as we intend to satisfy them in the short term, net of current portion of long-term debt, as the numerator of the calculation excludes interest expense; and (2) deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities, because the numerator of the calculation is a pre-tax amount.

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