Marriott International Reports First Quarter 2015 Results
HIGHLIGHTS
- First quarter diluted EPS totaled
$0.73 , a 28 percent increase over prior year results; - North American comparable systemwide constant dollar RevPAR rose 6.9 percent in the first quarter;
- On a constant dollar basis, worldwide comparable systemwide RevPAR rose 6.8 percent in the first quarter;
- Marriott repurchased 5.5 million shares of the company's common stock for
$431 million during the first quarter. Year-to-date throughApril 29 , the company repurchased 7.2 million shares for$566 million ; - Comparable company-operated house profit margins increased 120 basis points both in
North America and worldwide in the first quarter; - The company's adjusted operating income margin increased to 48 percent compared to 42 percent in the year-ago quarter;
- Over 10,000 rooms were added during the first quarter, including over 2,000 rooms converted from competitor brands and 4,000 rooms in international markets;
- Adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) totaled
$429 million in the quarter, a 27 percent increase over first quarter 2014 adjusted EBITDA.
First quarter 2015 net income totaled
"New hotel room openings accelerated in the first quarter as we added over 10,000 rooms compared to nearly 6,000 room additions in the first quarter of 2014. We are delighted to welcome guests to our newest hotels including the
"In 2015, we expect worldwide gross room additions of 8 percent, or 7 percent, net, including the approximately 10,000 rooms associated with our recently completed acquisition of
"Marriott remains committed to its asset light strategy, recycling over
For the 2015 first quarter, RevPAR for worldwide comparable systemwide properties increased 6.8 percent (a 5.2 percent increase using actual dollars).
In
International comparable systemwide RevPAR rose 6.7 percent (a 0.2 percent decline using actual dollars) in the first quarter.
Marriott added 60 new properties (10,148 rooms) to its worldwide lodging portfolio in the 2015 first quarter, including the 1,012-room
The company's worldwide development pipeline totaled over 1,450 properties with over 240,000 rooms at quarter-end, including approximately 500 properties with 88,000 rooms under construction and 162 properties with nearly 27,000 rooms approved for development, but not yet subject to signed contracts. The company's pipeline at the end of the first quarter did not include the approximately 10,000 rooms associated with the Delta transaction which closed on
MARRIOTT REVENUES totaled over
First quarter worldwide incentive management fees increased 25 percent to
On
Worldwide comparable company-operated house profit margins increased 120 basis points in the first quarter with higher room rates, improved productivity, and lower utility costs. House profit margins for North American comparable company-operated properties increased 120 basis points from the year-ago quarter.
Owned, leased, and other revenue, net of direct expenses, totaled
On
DEPRECIATION, AMORTIZATION, and OTHER expenses totaled
On
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, and OTHER expenses for the 2015 first quarter totaled
On
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes in the first quarter of 2014 included a net
Adjusted Earnings before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
For the first quarter, adjusted EBITDA totaled
BALANCE SHEET
At quarter-end, total debt was
COMMON STOCK
Weighted average fully diluted shares outstanding used to calculate diluted EPS totaled 283.5 million in the 2015 first quarter, compared to 303.3 million in the year-ago quarter.
The company repurchased 5.5 million shares of common stock in the first quarter at a cost of
OUTLOOK
For the 2015 second quarter, the company expects comparable systemwide RevPAR on a constant dollar basis will increase 5 to 7 percent in
For full year 2015, the company expects comparable systemwide RevPAR on a constant dollar basis will increase 5 to 7 percent in
The company anticipates gross room additions of approximately 8 percent, or 7 percent, net, worldwide for the full year 2015, including the approximately 10,000 rooms associated with the recently completed acquisition of
The company assumes full year fee revenue could total
The company estimates depreciation, amortization, and other expenses for full year 2015 will total approximately
For 2015, the company anticipates general, administrative and other expenses will total
Given these assumptions, 2015 diluted EPS could total
Second Quarter 2015 |
Full Year 2015 | |
Total fee revenue |
|
|
Owned, leased and other revenue, |
|
Approx. |
Depreciation, amortization, and other |
Approx. |
Approx. |
General, administrative, and other expenses |
|
|
Operating income |
|
|
Gains and other income |
Approx. |
Approx. |
Net interest expense1 |
Approx. |
Approx. |
Equity in earnings (losses) |
Approx. |
Approx. |
Earnings per share |
|
|
Tax rate |
32.3 percent | |
1 Net of interest income |
The company expects investment spending in 2015 will total approximately
Based upon the assumptions above, the company expects full year 2015 adjusted EBITDA will total
The telephone dial-in number for the conference call is 706-679-3455 and the conference ID is 99597993. A telephone replay of the conference call will be available from
Note on forward-looking statements: This press release and accompanying schedules contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of federal securities laws, including RevPAR, profit margin and earnings trends, estimates and assumptions; the number of lodging properties we expect to add to or remove from our system in the future; our expectations about investment spending; and similar statements concerning anticipated future events and expectations that are not historical facts. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those we identify below and other risk factors that we identify in our most recent annual or quarterly report on Form 10-K or Form 10-Q. Risks that could affect forward-looking statements in this press release include changes in market conditions;
the continuation and pace of the economic recovery; supply and demand changes for hotel rooms; competitive conditions in the lodging industry; relationships with clients and property owners; and the availability of capital to finance hotel growth and refurbishment. Any of these factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations we express or imply in this press release. We make these forward-looking statements as of
IRPR#1
Tables follow
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PRESS RELEASE SCHEDULES | |||||||||||||||
QUARTER 1, 2015 | |||||||||||||||
TABLE OF CONTENTS | |||||||||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income |
A-1 | ||||||||||||||
Total Lodging Products |
A-2 | ||||||||||||||
Key Lodging Statistics |
A-3 | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
A-5 | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA Full Year Forecast |
A-6 | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted Operating Income Margin |
A-7 | ||||||||||||||
Return on |
A-8 | ||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP Financial Measures |
A-9 |
| ||||||
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME | ||||||
FIRST QUARTER 2015 AND 2014 | ||||||
(in millions except per share amounts, unaudited) | ||||||
Percent | ||||||
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
Better/ | ||||
|
|
(Worse) | ||||
REVENUES |
||||||
Base management fees |
$ 165 |
$ 155 |
6 | |||
Franchise fees |
204 |
163 |
25 | |||
Incentive management fees |
89 |
71 |
25 | |||
Owned, leased, and other revenue 1 |
257 |
234 |
10 | |||
Cost reimbursements 2 |
2,798 |
2,670 |
5 | |||
Total Revenues |
3,513 |
3,293 |
7 | |||
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES |
||||||
Owned, leased, and other - direct 3 |
194 |
185 |
(5) | |||
Reimbursed costs |
2,798 |
2,670 |
(5) | |||
Depreciation, amortization, and other 4 |
44 |
36 |
(22) | |||
General, administrative, and other 5 |
145 |
148 |
2 | |||
Total Expenses |
3,181 |
3,039 |
(5) | |||
OPERATING INCOME |
332 |
254 |
31 | |||
Gains and other income 6 |
- |
- |
- | |||
Interest expense |
(36) |
(30) |
(20) | |||
Interest income |
8 |
5 |
60 | |||
Equity in earnings 7 |
3 |
2 |
50 | |||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |
307 |
231 |
33 | |||
Provision for income taxes |
(100) |
(59) |
(69) | |||
NET INCOME |
$ 207 |
$ 172 |
20 | |||
EARNINGS PER SHARE - Basic |
||||||
Earnings per share |
$ 0.75 |
$ 0.58 |
29 | |||
EARNINGS PER SHARE - Diluted |
||||||
Earnings per share |
$ 0.73 |
$ 0.57 |
28 | |||
Basic Shares |
277.7 |
296.1 |
||||
Diluted Shares |
283.5 |
303.3 |
||||
1 Owned, leased, and other revenue includes revenue from the properties we own or lease, termination fees, branding fees, and other revenue. | ||||||
2 Cost reimbursements include reimbursements from properties for Marriott-funded operating expenses. | ||||||
3 Owned, leased, and other - direct expenses include operating expenses related to our owned or leased hotels, including lease payments and pre-opening expenses. | ||||||
4 Depreciation, amortization, and other expenses include depreciation for fixed assets, amortization of capitalized costs incurred to acquire management, franchise, and license agreements, and any related impairments, accelerations, or write-offs. | ||||||
5 General, administrative, and other expenses include our corporate and business segments overhead costs and general expenses. | ||||||
6 Gains and other income includes gains and losses on: the sale of real estate, the sale or other-than-temporary impairment of joint ventures and investments, and results from cost method investments. | ||||||
7 Equity in earnings include our equity in earnings or losses of unconsolidated equity method investments. | ||||||
A-1 |
|
|||||||||
TOTAL LODGING PRODUCTS |
|||||||||
Number of Properties |
Number of Rooms/Suites |
||||||||
Brand |
|
|
vs. |
|
|
vs. |
|||
North America Full Service |
|||||||||
Marriott Hotels |
363 |
360 |
3 |
146,614 |
144,433 |
2,181 |
|||
|
81 |
78 |
3 |
28,322 |
27,979 |
343 |
|||
|
46 |
35 |
11 |
10,600 |
9,075 |
1,525 |
|||
|
5 |
5 |
- |
8,098 |
8,098 |
- |
|||
|
40 |
38 |
2 |
11,691 |
11,307 |
384 |
|||
The |
32 |
32 |
- |
3,812 |
3,812 |
- |
|||
|
1 |
- |
1 |
295 |
- |
295 |
|||
EDITION Residences |
1 |
- |
1 |
25 |
- |
25 |
|||
North America Limited Service |
|||||||||
Courtyard |
890 |
858 |
32 |
125,848 |
121,953 |
3,895 |
|||
|
675 |
646 |
29 |
82,416 |
78,562 |
3,854 |
|||
TownePlace Suites |
253 |
224 |
29 |
25,453 |
22,365 |
3,088 |
|||
|
726 |
709 |
17 |
66,668 |
64,829 |
1,839 |
|||
SpringHill Suites |
322 |
312 |
10 |
37,991 |
36,733 |
1,258 |
|||
|
2 |
- |
2 |
343 |
- |
343 |
|||
International |
|||||||||
Marriott Hotels |
222 |
204 |
18 |
67,836 |
62,037 |
5,799 |
|||
Marriott Executive Apartments |
26 |
28 |
(2) |
4,038 |
4,423 |
(385) |
|||
|
78 |
76 |
2 |
24,366 |
24,019 |
347 |
|||
|
35 |
25 |
10 |
8,460 |
3,242 |
5,218 |
|||
|
113 |
- |
113 |
10,350 |
- |
10,350 |
|||
|
47 |
46 |
1 |
13,813 |
13,510 |
303 |
|||
|
4 |
4 |
- |
579 |
579 |
- |
|||
The |
8 |
8 |
- |
416 |
416 |
- |
|||
|
3 |
3 |
- |
202 |
202 |
- |
|||
Bulgari Residences |
1 |
- |
1 |
5 |
- |
5 |
|||
|
2 |
2 |
- |
251 |
251 |
- |
|||
Courtyard |
105 |
98 |
7 |
20,999 |
19,363 |
1,636 |
|||
|
7 |
4 |
3 |
717 |
421 |
296 |
|||
|
4 |
3 |
1 |
622 |
482 |
140 |
|||
|
77 |
74 |
3 |
9,433 |
8,329 |
1,104 |
|||
|
1 |
- |
1 |
162 |
- |
162 |
|||
Timeshare2 |
58 |
62 |
(4) |
12,876 |
12,901 |
(25) |
|||
Total Lodging |
4,228 |
3,934 |
294 |
723,301 |
679,321 |
43,980 |
|||
1 Results for all |
|||||||||
2 Timeshare unit and room counts are as of |
|||||||||
A-2 |
| ||||||||||
KEY LODGING STATISTICS | ||||||||||
Constant $ | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||
REVPAR |
Occupancy |
Average Daily Rate | ||||||||
Region |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 | ||||
|
|
7.1% |
77.4% |
1.1% |
pts. |
|
5.6% | |||
|
|
8.5% |
67.7% |
3.5% |
pts. |
|
2.9% | |||
|
|
9.5% |
64.9% |
7.1% |
pts. |
|
-2.5% | |||
|
|
5.7% |
71.8% |
4.0% |
pts. |
|
-0.3% | |||
|
|
7.3% |
70.3% |
3.8% |
pts. |
|
1.4% | |||
Worldwide3 |
|
6.1% |
71.3% |
1.7% |
pts. |
|
3.5% | |||
| ||||||||||
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||
REVPAR |
Occupancy |
Average Daily Rate | ||||||||
Region |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 | ||||
|
|
5.7% |
72.8% |
0.6% |
pts. |
|
4.8% | |||
|
|
7.0% |
65.0% |
2.8% |
pts. |
|
2.3% | |||
|
|
9.3% |
65.3% |
6.5% |
pts. |
|
-1.5% | |||
|
|
6.2% |
72.2% |
3.9% |
pts. |
|
0.4% | |||
|
|
6.7% |
68.8% |
3.2% |
pts. |
|
1.7% | |||
Worldwide3 |
|
6.8% |
70.2% |
1.6% |
pts. |
|
4.4% | |||
1 International includes properties located outside | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
2 | ||||||||||
3 | ||||||||||
4 | ||||||||||
A-3 |
| ||||||||||
KEY LODGING STATISTICS | ||||||||||
Constant $ | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||
REVPAR |
Occupancy |
Average Daily Rate | ||||||||
Brand |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 | ||||
|
|
4.2% |
72.8% |
0.1% |
pts. |
|
4.1% | |||
|
|
6.4% |
74.1% |
1.0% |
pts. |
|
5.0% | |||
The Ritz-Carlton |
|
2.9% |
71.4% |
-0.7% |
pts. |
|
3.9% | |||
Composite North American Full-Service1 |
|
4.2% |
72.7% |
0.2% |
pts. |
|
4.0% | |||
Courtyard |
|
9.9% |
68.8% |
2.3% |
pts. |
|
6.3% | |||
SpringHill Suites |
|
6.6% |
70.7% |
0.4% |
pts. |
|
6.0% | |||
|
|
7.0% |
75.1% |
-0.1% |
pts. |
|
7.1% | |||
TownePlace Suites |
|
9.5% |
66.3% |
-0.3% |
pts. |
|
10.0% | |||
Composite North American Limited-Service2 |
|
8.9% |
70.6% |
1.6% |
pts. |
|
6.5% | |||
Composite - All3 |
|
5.6% |
71.8% |
0.7% |
pts. |
|
4.5% | |||
| ||||||||||
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||
REVPAR |
Occupancy |
Average Daily Rate | ||||||||
Brand |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 |
2015 |
vs. 2014 | ||||
|
|
5.5% |
70.1% |
0.4% |
pts. |
|
5.0% | |||
|
|
7.0% |
72.2% |
1.5% |
pts. |
|
4.9% | |||
|
|
4.7% |
75.2% |
0.6% |
pts. |
|
3.9% | |||
The Ritz-Carlton |
|
2.9% |
71.4% |
-0.7% |
pts. |
|
3.9% | |||
Composite North American Full-Service4 |
|
5.3% |
70.7% |
0.5% |
pts. |
|
4.6% | |||
Courtyard |
|
9.4% |
69.0% |
2.4% |
pts. |
|
5.7% | |||
|
|
8.2% |
65.5% |
2.0% |
pts. |
|
4.8% | |||
SpringHill Suites |
|
7.6% |
71.3% |
1.4% |
pts. |
|
5.5% | |||
|
|
6.9% |
75.6% |
0.7% |
pts. |
|
5.9% | |||
TownePlace Suites |
|
8.4% |
70.9% |
1.2% |
pts. |
|
6.5% | |||
Composite North American Limited-Service2 |
|
8.3% |
70.3% |
1.7% |
pts. |
|
5.6% | |||
Composite - All5 |
|
6.9% |
70.4% |
1.3% |
pts. |
|
4.9% | |||
1 Includes the | ||||||||||
2 Includes the | ||||||||||
3 Includes the | ||||||||||
4 Includes the | ||||||||||
5 Includes the | ||||||||||
A-4 |
| |||||||||
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES | |||||||||
ADJUSTED EBITDA | |||||||||
($ in millions) | |||||||||
Fiscal Year 2015 |
|||||||||
First |
|||||||||
Net Income |
$ 207 |
||||||||
Interest expense |
36 |
||||||||
Tax provision |
100 |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
32 |
||||||||
Depreciation classified in Reimbursed costs |
14 |
||||||||
Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures |
1 |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures |
3 |
||||||||
EBITDA ** |
393 |
||||||||
EDITION impairment charge |
12 |
||||||||
Share-based compensation (including share-based compensation reimbursed by third-party owners) |
24 |
||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA ** |
$ 429 |
||||||||
Increase over 2014 Quarterly Adjusted EBITDA ** |
27% |
||||||||
Fiscal Year 2014 | |||||||||
First |
Second |
Third Quarter |
Fourth |
Total | |||||
Net Income |
$ 172 |
$ 192 |
$ 192 |
$ 197 |
$ 753 | ||||
Interest expense |
30 |
30 |
29 |
26 |
115 | ||||
Tax provision |
59 |
93 |
98 |
85 |
335 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization |
26 |
32 |
33 |
32 |
123 | ||||
Depreciation classified in Reimbursed costs |
12 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
51 | ||||
Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures |
1 |
1 |
- |
1 |
3 | ||||
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures |
4 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
10 | ||||
EBITDA ** |
304 |
364 |
366 |
356 |
1,390 | ||||
EDITION impairment charge |
10 |
15 |
- |
- |
25 | ||||
Share-based compensation (including share-based compensation |
25 |
29 |
27 |
28 |
109 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA ** |
$ 339 |
$ 408 |
$ 393 |
$ 384 |
$ 1,524 | ||||
** Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. Please see page A-9 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use. | |||||||||
A-5 |
| ||||||
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES |
||||||
FULL YEAR ADJUSTED EBITDA |
||||||
FORECASTED 2015 |
||||||
($ in millions) |
||||||
Range |
||||||
Estimated EBITDA |
As Reported |
|||||
Net Income |
$ 827 |
$ 860 |
$ 753 |
|||
Interest expense |
175 |
175 |
115 |
|||
Tax provision |
393 |
410 |
335 |
|||
Depreciation and amortization |
138 |
138 |
123 |
|||
Depreciation classified in Reimbursed costs |
60 |
60 |
51 |
|||
Interest expense from unconsolidated joint ventures |
5 |
5 |
3 |
|||
Depreciation and amortization from unconsolidated joint ventures |
10 |
10 |
10 |
|||
EBITDA ** |
1,608 |
1,658 |
1,390 |
|||
EDITION impairment charge |
12 |
12 |
25 |
|||
Share-based compensation (including share-based compensation |
110 |
110 |
109 |
|||
Adjusted EBITDA ** |
$ 1,730 |
$ 1,780 |
$ 1,524 |
|||
Increase over 2014 Adjusted EBITDA** |
14% |
17% |
||||
** Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. See page A-9 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use. |
||||||
A-6 |
| |||
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES | |||
ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME MARGIN | |||
FIRST QUARTER 2015 AND 2014 | |||
($ in millions) | |||
ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME MARGIN |
First |
First | |
Total revenues as reported |
$ 3,513 |
$ 3,293 | |
Less: cost reimbursements |
(2,798) |
(2,670) | |
Total revenues, as adjusted ** |
$ 715 |
$ 623 | |
Operating Income |
$ 332 |
$ 254 | |
Add: EDITION impairment charge |
12 |
10 | |
Operating income, as adjusted ** |
$ 344 |
$ 264 | |
Adjusted operating income margin ** |
48% |
42% | |
** Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. See page A-9 for information about our reasons for providing these | |||
alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use. | |||
A-7 |
| |||
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES | |||
RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL | |||
($ in millions) | |||
The reconciliation of net income to earnings before interest expense and taxes is as follows: | |||
Twelve Months Ended |
|||
|
|||
Net Income |
$ 788 |
||
Interest expense |
121 |
||
Tax provision |
376 |
||
Earnings before interest expense and taxes ** |
$ 1,285 |
||
The reconciliations of assets to invested capital are as follows: | |||
Twelve Months Ended |
Twelve Months Ended | ||
|
| ||
Assets |
$ 6,803 |
$ 6,665 | |
Less: current liabilities, net of current portion of long-term debt |
(2,705) |
(2,589) | |
Less: deferred tax assets, net1 |
(758) |
(842) | |
Invested capital ** |
$ 3,340 |
$ 3,234 | |
Average invested capital 2 ** |
$ 3,287 |
||
Return on invested capital ** |
39% |
||
1 Deducted because the numerator of the calculation is a pre-tax number. At | |||
2 Calculated as "Invested capital" for the current year and prior year, divided by two. | |||
** Denotes non-GAAP financial measures. See page A-9 for information about our reasons for providing these alternative financial measures and the limitations on their use. | |||
A-8 |
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In our press release and schedules, and on the related conference call, we report certain financial measures that are not required by, or presented in accordance with
Earnings Before Interest Expense and Taxes ("EBIT"), and Adjusted Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("Adjusted EBITDA"). EBIT and Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") are financial measures not required by, or presented in accordance with GAAP. EBIT, which we use as part of our return on invested capital calculation, reflects net income excluding the impact of interest expense and provision for income taxes, and EBITDA reflects EBIT excluding the impact of depreciation and amortization. Our non-GAAP measure of Adjusted EBITDA further adjusts EBITDA to exclude 1) pre-tax EDITION impairment charges of
We believe that Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of our operating performance because it permits period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing core operations before these items and facilitates our comparison of results before these items with results from other lodging companies. We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry, and analysts, lenders, investors, and others use EBITDA or Adjusted EBITDA for similar purposes. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company's capital structure, debt levels, and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. Our Adjusted EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization expense which we report under "Depreciation, amortization, and other" as well as depreciation included under "Reimbursed costs" in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We also excluded share-based compensation expense in all periods presented in order to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted.
Adjusted EBITDA and EBIT have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated under GAAP. These non-GAAP measures exclude certain cash expenses that we are obligated to make. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate it at all, limiting the usefulness of Adjusted EBITDA as a comparative measure.
Adjusted Operating Income Margin. We consider operating income, as adjusted and therefore, operating income margin, as adjusted for the pre-tax EDITION impairment charges of
Return on
A-9
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